NURS 6501: MIDTERM EXAM:
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What effect occurs when blood flow is reestablished in tissues that have suffered a partial injury?
Group of answer choices
- Oxygen consumption by the tissue decreases.
- Cellular glucose uptake decreases.
- Intracellular potassium is expelled.
- Extracellular calcium enters the cell.
- Extracellular calcium enters the cell: Reperfusion causes a sudden influx of calcium ions into the cell. This is because the damaged cells are less able to handle calcium influx, leading to an overload of calcium in the cytoplasm. Elevated calcium levels inside the cell activate various enzymes that can cause further damage to cellular structures, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, contributing to cell death.
- Oxygen consumption by the tissue decreases: In fact, oxygen consumption usually increases following reperfusion as the tissue tries to recover from the ischemic state, not decrease.
- Cellular glucose uptake decreases: Glucose uptake may be impaired initially during reperfusion, but it’s not typically a primary effect in the early stages. The focus is more on the calcium influx and oxidative stress.
- Intracellular potassium is expelled: While potassium may move out of cells during ischemia (leading to a loss of intracellular potassium), this is not a hallmark feature of the reperfusion phase. In fact, potassium dynamics are complex and may not be as immediately affected by reperfusion as calcium.